{"id":6212,"date":"2023-09-26T06:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T06:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/?p=6212"},"modified":"2023-09-26T14:48:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T14:48:42","slug":"lins-parametric-vessels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/2023\/09\/26\/lins-parametric-vessels\/","title":{"rendered":"Lin&#8217;s Parametric Vessels"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I generate four vessels: the one with green background is a reverse pyramid, which I tried to make the tip of the pyramid solid such that the mass center is closer to the top. I was thinking about making the top a half ball shape to make the pyramid a tumbler. But I failed to find a way to do it. To make it solid on top can be set in CURA and it makes the vessel can stand more firmly on the tip. The one with yellow background is a heterogeneous container. The challenge of this container is on the bottom, which present a really sharp turnings of the surface. It turns out it is too sharp, and the printer did not print it well. Several layers are lost. But I kept this one since I think the rugged surface is also looked pretty nice. The one with a pink surface is a column shape with a four-corner star intersection. It looks much like a ninja weapon. I designed this shape to test how capable the printer is when dealing with sharp corners on XY plane. It turns out it works perfectly.  The last one I made is a vase with shape of &#8220;Guangzhou tower&#8221;, which is a landmark building in Guangzhou of China.  Local people call it &#8220;fair lady&#8221; due to the contour of the building. I found printing the entire building with the top antenna is hard, so I printed the main structure only and make it a useful artifact as the vase. The vase is also a good test case for the printer&#8217;s Z axis capabilities for its thin and tall shape. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"6229\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-1140x855.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-920x690.jpg 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-575x431.jpg 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1-380x285.jpg 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1.jpg 1702w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"6232\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-920x1227.jpg 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-575x767.jpg 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3-380x507.jpg 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1707\" data-id=\"6230\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-920x1227.jpg 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-575x767.jpg 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4-380x507.jpg 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"6259\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-920x1227.jpg 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-575x767.jpg 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2-380x507.jpg 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/2-2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" data-id=\"6258\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/240px-Canton_Tower_2013.11.15_18-12-45-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/240px-Canton_Tower_2013.11.15_18-12-45-1.jpg 240w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/240px-Canton_Tower_2013.11.15_18-12-45-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"6260\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-920x1227.jpg 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-575x767.jpg 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741-380x507.jpg 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925232741.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some snap shots of the Rhino designs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"746\" data-id=\"6285\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-1024x746.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-1024x746.png 1024w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-768x559.png 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-1140x830.png 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-920x670.png 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-575x419.png 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528-380x277.png 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235528.png 1148w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" data-id=\"6287\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-1024x717.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-1140x799.png 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-920x645.png 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-575x403.png 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536-380x266.png 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235536.png 1189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"720\" data-id=\"6286\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-1024x720.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-1024x720.png 1024w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-768x540.png 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-1140x802.png 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-920x647.png 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-575x404.png 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542-380x267.png 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235542.png 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" data-id=\"6284\" src=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-1024x717.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-1140x799.png 1140w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-920x644.png 920w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-575x403.png 575w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549-380x266.png 380w, https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230925235549.png 1192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What I have learnt: 3D printing is a highly efficient process, unlike traditional manufacturing, 3D printing create an artifact accumulatively, rather than eliminated.  So almost no material is wasted. Also the 3D printing process can be fully automated like a pipe line in the factory. There are also limits in 3D printing: the materials can be printed with are still quite limited, if we have more choices of the materials in the future, like metal, concrete, or glasses. This technique can be more useful. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I decided my designs by mimicking something that is enjoyable for eyes in my daily life, I tried to find a simple shapes by playing with the parameters and find the one that is most similar to the real artifact. I find using Rhino is not that easy as I first thought, there are too many tools and blocks to choose from. But I guess that is because I am not an expert in this area. I believe there should be other easier and more user-friendly ways to deal with this shape designing process. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A major lesson I learnt from this assignment is to explore what Rhino and the printer can do. How sharp the corners can be, and how many details can be included in the artifacts. Now I am more clear on the capabilities of the printer and I will dig more on Rhino for more possibilities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Code:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vessel_transformation.gh\">https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vessel_transformation.gh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I generate four vessels: the one with green background is a reverse pyramid, which I tried to make the tip of the pyramid solid such that the mass center is closer to the top. I was thinking about making the top a half ball shape to make the pyramid a tumbler. But I failed to find a way to do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vessels23"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6212"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6402,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212\/revisions\/6402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handandmachine.org\/classes\/computational_fabrication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}